Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE): Its Impact and Next Steps [Updated]

What is the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE)?

The Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE) is a new educational finance system in the UK designed to transform how adults access post-18 education. It aims to provide more flexible opportunities for individuals to engage in higher education and vocational training throughout their lives rather than focusing on education primarily in the early stages of adulthood. Here’s a breakdown of the key features:

1. Funding and Eligibility

The LLE will provide learners with up to £37,000 in tuition fee loans, equivalent to four years of full-time study based on current tuition fees. The entitlement is available to both new and returning learners up to the age of 60. It can be used for full courses (such as degrees) or individual modules, offering flexibility for students to study part-time or in a way that suits their personal and professional circumstances. Learners will also be eligible for maintenance loans to help cover living costs, particularly for courses requiring in-person attendance​.

2. Course Types and Levels

The LLE will cover courses at levels 4 to 6, which include higher education qualifications like degrees and higher technical qualifications (HTQs). It will also support learners who wish to take individual modules or shorter courses rather than committing to full degrees, with a strong focus on technical and vocational education​.

3. Flexibility and Modular Learning

A major benefit of the LLE is that it allows for modular learning, enabling individuals to take shorter courses or combine modules from different institutions. This is designed to allow people to train, retrain, and upskill as their career needs change over time​.

4. Loan Repayment System

The LLE will follow the student loan repayment system (Plan 5), where repayments start only once the borrower earns more than £25,000 per year. The repayment is set at 9% of any income above this threshold​.

5. Timeline

The system will be available for applications starting in September 2025, with courses commencing in January 2026​.

6. Goal and Purpose

The LLE is part of the UK government’s goal to provide greater flexibility and access to education throughout an individual’s working life. It addresses the need for continuous learning and aims to help individuals develop new skills, retrain for new roles, or advance in their careers, promoting a lifelong learning culture. This initiative also aims to align more closely with employer needs, promoting high-value technical skills and addressing skills shortages in key sectors​.

The impact of the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE) on universities

The Lifelong Learning Entitlement will drive universities to offer more flexible, employer-aligned programs while also requiring adjustments in financial planning and administrative operations to support a more diverse and modular learning environment. For example:

1. Increased Flexibility in Learning:
   The LLE allows individuals to access funding for both full degrees and modular courses at levels 4 to 6. This will enable learners to engage in higher education in more flexible ways, studying part-time or taking individual modules that fit around work or personal commitments. As a result, universities will need to adapt their offerings to include more short courses, stackable credentials, and online learning options​.
2. Broadening Student Demographics:
   With the LLE open to learners up to the age of 60, universities will likely see an increase in mature students. This could lead to greater diversity in student populations and increase demand for programs that cater to working professionals or career switchers​.
3. Financial Implications:
   The shift to a modular and flexible learning system may alter how universities receive funding. Rather than securing full-time student enrollments for multi-year degrees, they may need to rely on students taking individual modules or shorter programs. This could impact cash flow and financial sustainability​​.
4. Pressure to Meet Employer Demand:
   Since the LLE focuses on “high-value” technical qualifications and employer-aligned programs, universities may need to strengthen partnerships with industry to ensure their offerings meet evolving labour market needs. This focus could encourage a shift toward more practical, employment-focused education​​.
5. Challenges in Adapting Traditional Structures:
   Universities must adapt their systems to accommodate the LLE’s modular, credit-based structure. This could require changes in administrative processes, course planning, and student support services to handle a more fragmented learning experience​.

Will the Lifelong Learning Entitlement impact other types of course providers?

The LLE is likely to create opportunities for FE colleges, private and alternative providers, and online learning platforms by expanding access to higher-level and modular courses. However, it also imposes new regulatory requirements, heightening competition among course providers. To stay competitive, providers must align their offerings with employer needs and ensure they meet the standards for OfS registration. Here’s how the LLE could influence these providers:

1. Further Education (FE) Colleges

• Expansion of Offerings: The LLE will apply to courses at levels 4 to 6, which includes higher technical qualifications (HTQs). This means that FE colleges, which traditionally focus on lower levels of education, will have the opportunity to expand their higher-level offerings. They could benefit from offering more modular, technical, and vocational courses for upskilling and reskilling​.
• Competition with Universities: FE colleges could face increased competition from universities offering short courses and individual modules, as the LLE encourages students to take modular learning. However, FE providers specialising in technical and vocational education may have an advantage in attracting learners focused on skills directly relevant to the job market​.

2. Private and Alternative Providers

• Modular Learning: Private providers, particularly those specialising in online education or technical skills, will be able to offer modular courses that qualify for LLE funding. This could boost their attractiveness to learners looking for specific, career-relevant qualifications without committing to a full degree​.
• Qualification Gateway: The LLE will fund courses that meet certain criteria, including a qualification gateway that ensures the course aligns with employer needs and occupational standards. Alternative providers that meet these standards will be eligible for LLE funding, but those that do not may find it harder to attract students​.
• OfS Regulation: Providers who wish to offer LLE-funded courses must be registered with the Office for Students (OfS). Providers not currently registered with OfS will have until 2027 to meet this requirement, after which only OfS-registered institutions will be eligible to receive LLE funds. This may encourage smaller or alternative providers to formalize their status and comply with regulatory standards​.

3. Apprenticeship Providers

• Increased Integration: The LLE encourages flexibility and modular learning, which could complement existing apprenticeship models. Providers offering degree apprenticeships or other work-based learning could benefit from learners seeking to integrate academic qualifications with practical experience. It may also promote more short-course options for individuals looking to enhance specific skills while working.

4. Online Learning Platforms

• Boost for Online Courses: While the LLE will fund in-person and distance-learning courses, it may significantly benefit providers offering flexible, online learning options. The modular nature of the LLE allows learners to study at their own pace, making online platforms that offer recognized qualifications well-positioned to attract learners​.
• Limitations on Maintenance Loans: However, it’s important to note that maintenance loans for living costs will only be available for in-person courses. This may limit the attractiveness of purely online providers for those who need financial support to cover living expenses​.

5. Impact on Non-OfS Providers

• Advanced Learner Loan Transition: During the initial years of the LLE (2025-2027), some providers not registered with OfS will still be able to access funding through the Advanced Learner Loan system. However, by 2028, all new students at levels 4 to 6 must study at an OfS-registered provider to receive LLE funding. Non-OfS registered providers may need to transition their business models or seek registration​.

6. Impact on Short Course Providers

• Increased Demand for Short Courses: Providers specialising in short courses—such as coding boot camps, professional certifications, or other vocational training—may see a rise in demand as the LLE promotes modular learning. However, these providers will need to ensure their courses meet the LLE’s criteria for funding​.

What can providers do ahead of September 2025 applications?

By acting now, course providers can position themselves as leaders in lifelong learning and take full advantage of the increased demand for flexible, modular education. Course providers can take several proactive steps to prepare for and promote the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE) before applications start in September 2025. Here’s a strategy they can follow:

1. Align Courses with LLE Eligibility Criteria

• Review and Update Course Offerings: Ensure that current and upcoming courses align with the LLE eligibility requirements, particularly at levels 4 to 6. Focus on offering higher technical qualifications (HTQs) and modular courses that are valuable to employers and meet the demand for upskilling and reskilling.
• Modularise Existing Programs: For institutions offering full degrees, consider breaking them into smaller, credit-bearing modules to attract learners who prefer a flexible, part-time, or mixed-mode learning approach. Modular courses will be a key selling point for LLE applicants​.

2. Register with the Office for Students (OfS)

• If the institution is not registered with the Office for Students (OfS), begin the process to ensure eligibility for LLE funding. Registration with OfS will be mandatory for providers to offer LLE-funded courses after 2027​.
• Make sure that all programs and courses follow OfS guidelines to maintain transparency and accountability in the funding process.

3. Enhance Industry Partnerships

• Collaborate with employers to ensure that the courses offered meet industry needs and have a direct path to employment. The LLE strongly emphasises funding courses with high employer demand, so institutions that can demonstrate clear links to employment outcomes will have an advantage​.
• Develop partnerships for work placements, degree apprenticeships, or co-designed courses that provide practical, job-relevant skills. Highlight these partnerships in marketing materials as part of the LLE promotion strategy.

4. Marketing and Communication Strategies

• Raise Awareness Early: Begin marketing the LLE as a lifelong opportunity for learners to retrain or upskill. Use digital platforms, social media, and email campaigns to reach potential students, especially mature learners or career changers. Focus on how LLE will allow them to return to education flexibly.
• Create LLE-Specific Information: Develop web pages, brochures, and social media content that explain how the LLE works, which courses are eligible, and how students can use their funding. Clarify the financial aspects, including loan amounts and repayment terms​.
• Target Specific Demographics: The LLE will appeal to a diverse group of learners, including mature students, those needing flexible learning options, and professionals looking to upskill. Tailor marketing efforts to speak directly to these groups, emphasising modular learning, online options, and career-advancing opportunities.

5. Build an Advisory and Support System

• Develop Student Support Resources: Build a system for advising learners about how to make the most of the LLE. Ensure prospective students understand how to apply for funding, choose the right modules, and navigate flexible learning options. A dedicated LLE advisor or team will be invaluable in helping students plan their learning pathways.
• Create an Online Application Hub: Ensure that your website offers clear guidance on how to apply for the LLE, including an online application portal. Provide a step-by-step guide and FAQs about how to enrol in LLE-eligible courses.

6. Launch Pilot Programs or Short Courses

• Start Offering Short Courses: If possible, run pilot programs or short courses that align with the LLE framework before 2025. These can help establish your institution as a leader in lifelong learning and demonstrate readiness to prospective learners.
• Participate in Government Pilots: If available, participate in government-backed modular learning trials to test and refine course offerings before the official LLE rollout​.

7. Focus on Upskilling and Reskilling Campaigns

• Emphasise how the LLE is designed to help people upskill and reskill at any career stage. Promote your courses as solutions to future-proofing careers, particularly in high-demand sectors like healthcare, digital, and engineering. Leverage partnerships with employers to highlight job-ready qualifications​.
• Offer specific content such as webinars, workshops, or Q&A sessions on how the LLE can help working professionals upskill while balancing jobs and family commitments.

8. Enhance Online and Distance Learning Capabilities

Since LLE funding will be available for distance learning courses, make sure your institution is equipped to deliver high-quality online education. Invest in your online learning platform and ensure courses are designed for digital delivery. Highlight your institution’s expertise in blended learning in marketing materials​.

9. Clarify Funding and Repayment Terms

Provide clear, easy-to-understand guidance on how the LLE loans work, the maximum loan amounts, and how repayment is tied to income after graduation. Simplifying these details will encourage prospective learners who may feel uncertain about taking on additional educational loans.

10. Partner with Lifelong Learning Advocates

Collaborate with adult education charities, community organizations, and career services to raise awareness about the LLE and drive applications from potential learners who may not typically consider higher education.

Hang on! What about the new Labour government?

While it is likely that Labour will maintain the core concept of supporting lifelong learning, they may reframe or tweak the LLE to better align with their goals for a more inclusive and employer-focused skills system.

The new Labour government may introduce changes or delays to the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE). Although Labour has not formally stated whether it will proceed with the LLE exactly as planned by the previous government, there are indications that the party is considering a review of the system. This could lead to adjustments in the structure, particularly around how loan funding is applied to shorter courses and modular learning.

Several factors could influence Labour’s approach:

1. Financial Concerns: Labour may question whether the LLE’s reliance on loans is the best approach, especially given concerns about debt aversion among potential learners, particularly older adults. Labour could explore other funding mechanisms, such as their proposed “growth and skills levy,” which would allow employers to fund non-apprenticeship training​(Wonkhe)​(Tes).
2. Delays and Review: Due to the complexities in implementing the LLE and the many required regulatory steps, Labour might delay the rollout to allow for further review. This would give them time to evaluate whether the LLE fits their broader strategy for upskilling and industrial growth​(Wonkhe)​(FE Week).
3. Focus on Skills Integration: Labour’s manifesto includes plans to integrate further and higher education better, potentially reshaping how the LLE fits within their vision for a more cohesive post-16 education system. The creation of Skills England, a new body to oversee skills development, might also influence how the LLE is applied ​(FE Week)​(Tes).

Conclusion

While the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE) would be a step in the right direction towards addressing the need for more flexible, modular learning, it is clear that whatever its fate under the Labour government, “Whatever happens to the Lifelong Learning Entitlement, the problems it is trying to solve remain“. This is highlighted in Wonkhe’s insightful analysis.

Whether the LLE is implemented in its current form or undergoes revisions, it is essential that the focus remains on enabling people to upskill throughout their lives and on integrating further and higher education to meet the demands of an evolving workforce. The conversation around lifelong learning must continue with policies that address the technical aspects of funding and tackle the broader societal need for continuous education and training.